Corporate Identity: the Concept, Its Measurement and Management

Corporate individuality the concept, its measurement and management by van Riel, Cees B. M. and John M. T. Balmer (1997) tries to clarify the complex concept of corporate identity. The authors retread three main developments in the topic that are graphic design mental image, integrated communication paradigm and interdisciplinary paradigm.The article also describes corporate identity management and various methods that can be utilize to reveal the actual corporate identity such as laddering technique and the Rotterdam Organizational Identification Test. However, gibe to the authors, the problem in establishing the desired corporate identity is that available methods were developed for the positioning of product brands or else than the corporate brand.The authors conclude that a favorable corporate identity is one of an organizations well-nigh important assets and for that reason is worthy of constant management attention. I speak up a great manakin of how important the corp orate identity is for the overall organizational success is the Muzak case in Argentis allow Chapter 4. In 1997 the association was so insecure about its own identity that its business cards and trucks a great deal looked more like the vendors identities than its own.Feature article aboutProduction ManagementAlso the brand looked distinguishable in every region and even between franchisees and sales offices. The company was losing cash, had horrible corporate finis and negative growth. Developing a unifying symbol for the company (that went on everything from business cards to trade shows and sales materials) and bringing Muzaks brand message to a new level, helped the company to restore its confidence, to dislodge public perception, to grow financially and to attract both new clients and new talented employees.I think that the case illustrates how an appropriate or outdated corporate identity can damage firms financial performance and companys success. Thus, management shoul d not overlook the importance of the corporate identity but rather learn how to shape and manage companys identity and differentiate the company through it.

Cloud Computing †Risk or Opportunity Essay

Abstract horde reckon is a term that refers to sources and computer systems available on demand by dint of the lucre, which can allow a flesh of computer proceedss integrated with emerge being restricted local imaginativenesss in order to rent it easier for the drug user and include those imagerys space for info backup and synchronization self similarly includes movementing capabilities softw atomic number 18 package and computer programming of tasks and push e-mail and remote printing, and the user can control when it is connected to the network in these imagerys through a simple software interface simplifies and ignores a lot of detail and internal processes. buy reckon has become change magnitudely popular because it offers users the illusion of having infinite work out resources, of which they can use as more than as they need, without having to worry near how those resources are provided. It in like manner provides greater scalability, availability, and r eliability than users could achieve with their own resource The core property in over overcast figure that held computer science in the confuse for clarity, the treatment process (and cogitate data) is not confined to the shoes (places) toffee-nosed and unknown. Thus, this cast is the antithesis of the treatment process is located in angiotensin converting enzyme or more of the functionrs are well known. Exposure model cloud of criticism and onslaught because of privacy advocates, for the ease of large governing the phalanxing companies for work cloud, and then, can impose censorship and domination, whether effective or illegal, the intercourse process as well as the data stored in between the user and the host comp anyIntroduction confuse cypher has become a ubiquitous term and largely discussed matter in the global nurture technology (IT) world. swarm computing has changed dramatically the shipway in which organizations and individuals communicate, collaborate and compute. The concept of cloud computing ensures a belleffective transformation of utility computing rationale that allows users and suppliers a convenient access to resources in a self- table service and pay as you go fashion. Consequently, cloud computing has reduced the cost associated with system administration as well as help in improving resource utilization and accounting. Since last few years, cloud computing has resulted in a number of positive shock absorbers on the IT ecosystem, thereby giving rise to newborn markets and widely scattered new user communities (European Commission, 2012).Contextually, the concept of cloud computing is the outcome of the direct industrial needs to enhance resource utilization without intervening consumer requirements. In other words, the concept ensures the use of the available resources in more streamlined manner (European Commission, 2012). The paper intends to critically examine the opportunities and the encounters associated with cloud computing and draws a valid conclusion on its leadion by organizations. defame cipher Definition, Models and ServicesCloud computing was initially used in an academic perspective by Prof. Kenneth K Chellapa who illustrated it in 1997 at the Informs Conference in Dallas as a computing paradigm where the boundaries of computing will be resolved by economic rationale sooner than technical limits (Petri, 2010). There are discordant definitions of cloud computing however the most appropriate and loosely accepted definition is being provided by North America National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST). fit in to NIST, Cloud Computing is a model for enabling convenient, on demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal solicitude effort to service provider interaction (Petri, 2010). There are many cloud computing models for air purposes including Public Cloud Public cloud model is provided by vendors and can be accessed over the profits or private network. One or more data centers are used by this model which is shared by multiple guests (Weitz, 2010).Private Cloud Private cloud model is managed and used internally by the organizations which utilizes shared function model and makes variable usage of virtualized computing resources. The data stored in the model are managed at heart the organization (Weitz, 2010). Hybrid Cloud As the name suggests, the hybrid model is the mixture of public cloud work and private cloud architecture. The model is designed to meet authoritative special(prenominal) needs of customers (Weitz, 2010). familiarity Cloud Community cloud model is used across the organizations having similar requirements and objectives. Community cloud model is formal using public cloud services in order to ensure collaboration among the companies (Weitz, 2010). Cloud Computing ServicesCloud computing services are provided mostly in the following slipway Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) has been operational in the market since many years. Currently, patronagees are more interested in shifting licensing software to subscribe services peculiarly on the basis of per user and per month among others (Weitz, 2010). Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) includes development of such(prenominal) surroundings that allows developers to build software applications that can be offered as services to customers or to general users (Weitz, 2010). Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provides customers or users with storage, network and other various fundamental resource requirements in order to run arbitrary applications (Weitz, 2010).Literature brushup fit to Etro (2009), cloud computing is a youngly evolved internet establish technology that stores large information in servers and provides that information as services on demand to clients. Accor dingly, its impact is spectacular on both consumers and companies.Furthermore, he verbalise that consumers can access all their documents and data from any devices such as laptops, wide awake phones and tablets while the companies can rent hardware and software from the service providers and pay as they use the services like other services availed by the companies such as electricity (Etro, 2009). Petri (2010) postulates that, cloud computing is one of the most discussed IT innovations in the last few years. Hence, risk management is the most critical area which draws a serious attention. He emphasized that future is relatively uncertain when associating cloud computing with security factor. He critically points out that cloud vendors should quickly address the security and other related upkeeps for ensuring better customer satisfaction (Petri, 2010). According to Bein, Bein & Madiraju (2010), cloud computing is a new paradigm of computing that has evolved in the recent quantif y as an expensive way for providing storage and software.They further stressed that many companies are lamentable ahead with an intention to make cloud computing easy to use. They advocated that there are huge potential difference for consumers to exploit the cloud computing technology (Bein, Bein & Madiraju, 2010). According to Gartner Inc (2012), continuous monitoring of cloud computing technologies and familiar updates to the enterprises cloud strategies are necessary to prevent any cost related errors for the subsequent few years. It also stated that cloud computing technology will get under ones skin significant impact on the level of its adoption over a period of time (Gartner Inc, 2012) According to Pokhriyal (2012), cloud computing would contribute towards increasing complexities relating to data storage and users access to applications as well as other frequently conducted processes. She also stated that risk of exposure of critical data is more with the use of cloud co mputing technology.She advocated that commercial enterprise firms whitethorn also witness security breaches and hacking that shall make the cloud storage relatively ineffective and inefficient (Pokhriyal, 2012). According to Willcocks, Venters, & Whitey (2011), cloud computing technology is changing the ways of IT business services in toll of data delivering and managing. Accordingly, cloud computing has escalated the importance of delivering effective services and for this reason the IT and business services urgently need to raise the level of service competency and should focus on the availability of quality services to meet the customer expectations (Willocks, Venters, & Whitley, 2011). In the words of Horwath, Chan, Leung, & Pili (2012), cloud computing has the potential to bring certain forceful changes in the organizations as witnessed in case of the internet during the last decade of the 20th century.They emphasized that by applying cloud computing technology without pro per care and due-diligence may result in unforeseen problems. Consequently, executives must(prenominal) be aware of risks and other issues of cloud computing in order to derive significant benefits out of the provided services (Horwath, Chan, Leung, & Pili, 2012). According to Santos, Gummadi, & Rodrigues (2012), cloud computing enables organizations to cut costs associated with resource storage, network bandwidth and other germane(predicate) data. However, they argued that concerns about the privacy, confidentiality and integrity of the data and computation can be considered to be the major deterrents for those organizations which are looking forward to embrace cloud computing (Santos, Gummadi, & Rodrigues, 2012). According to Hinchcliffe (2009), cloud computing will transform IT business scenario by a large extent and it will have to balance between therisks and the benefits associated with cloud computing models.Therefore, he points out certain major risks associated with suc h transformations including security of organizational data that is stored in the cloud, deprivation of control over cloud resources and reliability factor. He also stated that the efficient use of cloud computing will enable market validation and prototyping of new approaches at much faster and relatively less expensive rate than ever before (Hinchcliffe, 2009). According to Weitz (2010), cloud computing will be playing a major role in the future of IT and shall bring in enormous opportunities for the organizations. Consequently, he stated that larger organizations will also have an opportunity for cutting the existing costs of IT home with the use of cloud computing models.However, he also highlighted the risks related with cloud computing and expressed his darksome concerns relating to the security and confidentiality of certain relevant data (Weitz, 2010). Hyek (2011) in his report, Cloud Computing Issues and Impacts, postulated that, cloud computing models should comply wit h laws and regulations in each of its operations. The processing of data by the cloud service providers must be in conformity with governments requirements (Hyek, 2011). According to Curtis, Heckman, & Thorp (2010), the most important factor related with the cloud computing model is the concern about the security and privacy of data while adopting cloud computing models (Curtis, Heckman, & Thorp, 2010).According to the Australian academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (2010), in its report, Cloud Computing Opportunities and Challenges for Australia considers the importance of government and its roles in encouraging researchers and business sectors to adopt cloud computing models. The report emphasized that government should formulate strategies that initiate business sectors to adopt cloud models for their resource and application requirements. The report precisely described the responsibility of the cloud service providers in terms of proper management of data in order to prevent any situation that may result in loss of brisk data (Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, 2010).According to Catteddu & Hogben, (2009) cloud services provide expedient storage accessible by various devices along with other benefits including useful communication and instant multi-point collaboration. They also emphasized that level of risk may tend to vary significantly found on the type of cloud model. It is for this reason that customers should be aware of the probable risks associated with cloud computing models and they should separate out to transfer the risks to the providers (Catteddu & Hogben, 2009).Characteristics of Cloud ComputingA few of the relevant characteristics of cloud computing are expatiate below On-Demand Self Service Cloud computing providers offer various computer services such as applications, e-mail and network without involving human interaction with various service providers engaged in certain specific services only. Currently, there are multiple organizations that provide cloud computing services based on on-demand self services such as Google, Amazon Web, Microsoft and IBM among others (Information System visit and Control Association, Inc, 2012). bighearted Network Access Cloud services are available over the network, specifically over the internet and are accessed through certain standard mechanisms such as personal laptops, mobile phones, tablets and iPads among others (Information System canvas and Control Association, Inc, 2012). Resource Pooling The cloud computing models of the providers are shared with various resources in order to serve multiple clients. The resources united together may consist of processing, network bandwidth, storage of data, memory, virtual machines and email service (Information System Audit and Control Association, Inc, 2012).Rapid ElasticityThe capacities of cloud services can be fleetly and elastically provisioned, in a few instances robotically as well t o quickly balance out and release to shell in quickly. Furthermore, the capacities accessible for provisioning frequently emerge to be infinite and can be procured in any marrow at any time (Information System Audit and Control Association, Inc, 2012). Measured Services The resource usage of cloud computing can be measured and reported to both providers and customers related to the amount of services utilized. Hence, cloud computing service providers charge the customers for the resources that they have actually used i.e. pay as you use. Considering the fact, more the customers utilize the cloud computing services, more they have to pay and vice-versa (Information System Audit and Control Association, Inc, 2012). Multi-tenacity Multi-tenacity is one key characteristics related to cloud computing which is being advocated by Security Alliance. Multi-tenacity is related with the requirement for segmentation, policy-driven enforcement, control, service levels, billing models and isola tion for the different consumer requirements (Information System Audit and Control Association, Inc, 2012).Cloud Computing Opportunities and Risk Assessment Cloud Computing Opportunities Opportunities derived from cloud computing are related with cost drop-off to increase flexibility and decrease complexity which benefits the customers in terms of higher returns on their investments. Certain vital opportunities and benefits provided by cloud computing comprise Cost Saving Cloud computing customers are unresistant to pay merely for computing services and resources that they use rather than making permanent investments on resources or leasing equipments that may or may not be utilized fully at all times. Cloud computing enables to share IT resources with multiple organizations and facilitates them to access as per their requirements which can be related as run expenses (OPEX) and not as capital expenses (CAPEX) (Petri, 2010). Speed of Deployment Cloud service providers can meet the needs of the organizations for computing resources quickly and efficiently than other internal information technology functions. The customers do not have to look for months for crunching large data.They can simply rent resources for limited period and can avail huge benefits at considerably reduced time (Petri, 2010). Scalability and Better Alignment of Technology Resources An organization is able to scale up as well as down its capability from a single server to multiple amount of servers with no capital expenses through the use of cloud service models. An organization is also able to position additional storage capacity over the web (Petri, 2010). Decreased Efforts in Managing Technology Owning and operating of IT functions are often costly and time consuming. However, cloud computing enables an organization to concentrate more time on its purposes and goals (Petri, 2010). Environmental Benefits Cloud computing also results in environmental benefits. If all the organizations replace their private data centers with cloud computing, it will significantly reduce the overall power consumption and carbon emissions (Petri, 2010). Higher grade Added Cloud computing does not only provide software functionality but it also provides the customers with relevant information and data which was traditionallysupposed to be created by the customers themselves (Petri, 2010).Cloud Computing RisksRisk is an event that prevents the organizations from achieving their determined purposes and objectives. Certain risks associated with cloud computing are stated below Disruptive Force Facilitating innovation and cost saving aspects can itself be viewed as risk to the existing cloud computing organizations. By dense the barriers to entry, new competitors may pose a serious threat to certain cloud computing business models (Horwath, Chan, Leung, & Pili, 2012). Residing In the Same Risk Ecosystem as the Cloud Service Provider (CSP) and Other Tenants of the Cloud organizational reliance on third party involved in managing cloud solutions will increase legal responsibility and incident escalation among other core areas. By following the actions of CSP may impact the organizations in certain direct and indirect ways (Horwath, Chan, Leung, & Pili, 2012). Lack of Transparency A cloud computing service provider does not facilitate complete information regarding its processes and operations.Consequently, cloud customers have only little knowledge about the storage locations and algorithms that are implemented or used by the cloud service providers in semblance to computing and controlling resources of customers data (Horwath, Chan, Leung, & Pili, 2012). Reliability and Performance Issues Even though efficiency of cloud computing may get disrupted due to risk events such as system failure that may occur without any early alerts to the end users. Hence, system failure may be viewed as a distinctive challenge posed to cloud computing (Horwath, Chan, Leung, & Pili, 2012). Security And Compliance Concerns Cloud computing supports various processes that may tend to evolve security and retention concerns in relation to its compliance with certain specific laws such as Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA).The cloud service providers may have no obligation to reveal such information associated with privacy of certain laws such as US Patriot Act and EU Data Protection Directives among others (Horwath, Chan, Leung, & Pili, 2012). High Value Cyber Attack Targets The over-dependence of multiple organizations on single cloud service providers may tend to create vulnerability of cyber attacks then those used by a single organization (Horwath, Chan, Leung, & Pili, 2012). Risk of Data Leakage The risk of data leakage is also more where multiple organizations share their resources through cloud environment. Consequently, cloud service providers do not provide adequate data privacy and confidentiality of resources which the or ganizations intend to secure from intruders (Horwath, Chan, Leung, & Pili, 2012).ConclusionCloud computing has changed dramatically the ways in which the organizations communicate, collaborate and compute. In general, cloud computing refers to delivery of scalable IT resources over the web particularly internet. An organization can purchase or rent software on need basis or according to usage which results in less investment and consumption on the part of the organization. Cloud computing facilitates the organizations to manage their IT requirements remotely, at much lowered costs. It further enables organizations to share resources in a single place or through a single cloud service provider. The organizations do not have to make heavy investments on establishment of their own IT infrastructure as cloud computing models provide organizations with established database for fulfillment of their IT demand. Moreover, organizations and users are charged or billed on the basis of their re source consumption.Despite having numerous benefits of adopting cloud computing models, there also exist certain risk factors which restrict the scope of cloud computing. Security and privacy are the prime issues restricting the adoption of cloud computing. Since multiple organizations will be consolidated on single cloud computing, there exists more vulnerability of data hacking. Consequently, cloud computing service providers do not guarantee the adequate safety for data losses and leakages which at times deters organizations from adopting cloud computing solutions. Nonetheless, if organizations cautiously consider the risk factors associated with cloud computing related solutions then these risk events can be overcome efficiently. Considering this aspect, it can be stated that organizations should adopt cloud computing solutions. By adopting cloud computing solutions, they can avail numerous opportunities that shall help them to grow and sustain their business profitably. Referen cesAustralian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering. (2010). Theroles of government in cloud computing. Cloud computing opportunities and challenges for Australia, pp. 13-19.Bein, D., Bein, W. & Madiraju, P. (2010). Web applications and cloud computing. The impact of cloud computing on web 2.0, pp. 1-6.Curtis, W. B., Heckman, C. & Thorp, A. (2010). Security and Privacy Considerations. Cloud computing e-discovery issues and other risk, pp. 1-5.Catteddu, D. & Hogben, G. (2009). crystallize security risks. Cloud Computing Benefits, Risks And Recommendations For Information Security Cloud Computing, pp. 2-125.Etro, F. (2009). Features and implications of cloud computing. The economic impact of cloud computing on business creation, employment and output in Europe, pp. 2-33.European Commission. (2012). Introduction & background. Advances in clouds, pp. 1-7. Gartner Inc. (2012). Gartner outlines atomic number 23 cloud computing trends that will affect cloud strategy through 2 015. Retrieved from http//www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1971515Horwath, C., Chan, W., Leung, E. & Pili, H. (2012). COSO enterprise risk management for cloud computing. Enterprise Risk Management For Cloud Computing, pp. 1-20.Hyek, P. (2011). Security and privacy. Cloud computing issues and impacts, pp. 12-46.Hinchcliffe, D. (2009). Eight ways that cloud computing will change business. Retrieved from http//www.majorcities.org/generaldocuments/pdf/zdnet_eight_ways_that_cloud_computing_will_change_business.pdfInformation System Audit and Control Association, Inc, (2012). Essentialcharacteristics of Cloud Computing. Retrieved from http//www.isaca.org/Groups/Professional-English/cloud-computing/GroupDocuments/Essential%20characteristics%20of%20Cloud%20Computing.pdfPokhriyal, R. (2012). Cloud computing myths explained part 1. Retrieved from http//www.cloudtweaks.com/2012/10/cloud-computing-myths-explained-part-1/Petri, G. (2010). Risks of cloud computing. Shedding light on cloud computin g, pp. 25-30.Santos, N., Gummadi, K. P. & Rodrigues, R. (2012). Towards trusted cloud computing. Retrieved from http//www.mpi-sws.org/gummadi/papers/trusted_cloud.pdfWillcocks, L., Venters, W. & Whitley, E. A. (2011). Clear view of the cloud The business impact of cloud computing. Cloud computing, (1).Weitz, C. (2010). Barriers of cloud computing. A Balancing Act What Cloud Computing Means For Business, And How To Capitalize On It, pp. 1-9.

Ownership and Control Essay

The first business decision that an entrepreneur faces when he is opening his private business is the type of enterprise he/they will create. essenti every in ally there atomic number 18 three of import forms of business enterprises that digest be opened, a sole principal, a partnership and a limited liability company. Such enterprises comprise different legal status and ownership, accession different control measures. In the following paragraphs we will explain such issues of these forms of organizations. A sole trader is the simplest form of business enterprise. It usually consists of one individual who opened a business operation.Sole traders ar usually small firms due to the limited amount of capital that is invested by a single owner. The main benefit of a sole trader is that the owner has full control over the assets of the business and all the critical decisions are usually taken solely by him. The main limitation of such a form of business, apart from limited capital is the unlimited liability on the organizations debts. league arises whenever two or more people invest money in a business to sustain trading. A partnership also possesses unlimited liability like a sole trader.However more capital is available since money is invested by more people. In a partnership not all the partners exercise control on the firm especially if it is a limited partnership. In case of companies, which are limited liability due to separate legal entity, give room to shareholders and directors being formed. The shareholders are the owners, which can be a significant number, while the directors are the individuals managing the company which are not necessarily the shareholders specially in public companies. Companies are frequently formed due to higher availability of finance.

Broken Spears

The upset Spears The Broken Spears is a collection of umteen accounts of the destruction of Mexico by Cortes and the conquistadors in their invasion. The motive behind this conquering was Cortes desire to bring a fortune of gold, spices, and land that can be claimed, back to Spain. Although these desires were admirable, they were sought by and by at the expense of the Aztecs and consequently changed an entire civilization, due to an initial drive for power, control, land, and money. Cortez along with the Spaniards ultimately destroys the Aztecs in their quest for fortune and fame.The accounts are based on the Aztecs perception of the invasion and include the disorder of the Aztec people that lead to the terror and the end of the Aztec civilization. The Spaniards first entrance into Tenochtitlan The novel begins with the description of a serial publication of omens or premonitions, observed ten years prior, that was believed to be essential warnings of the coming invasion. The om ens arouse many atrocious and terrifying reactions. At the time, the meanings were unclear to the Natives.According to the text, Montezuma consulted various seers and magicians to learn whether the omens meant an approaching war or well-nigh other crisis, further the magicians could not advise him. Not soon after, according to the second chapter, there were reports that the mountains eagre a strange people who have very light skin. They each(prenominal) have long beards, and their fuzz comes only to their ears. After much contemplation, Montezuma sent five messengers to greet the strangers and to bring them gifts believing that they might be Quetzalcoatl (God of learning and the wind) and other divinities returning to Mexico as they promised. 213)Montezuma gave specific instructions as to how to present the messengers and gifts to the strangers. The natives showed respect to the strangers at their arrival by touching the ground before him with their lips. (25) However, Cortez in return gave orders to chain them by their necks and feet. When the messengers return, they inform Montezuma of the various firearms, animals, foods, and resources the Spaniard possessed, and he was astonished and terrified by their report. Montezumas attempts to keep the Spaniard away from theTenochtitlan include all(prenominal)thing from sending out magicians and warlocks hoping that they could harm the Spaniards with their magic, to sending out captives to be sacrificed in their presence. With each failed attempt to stay the Spaniards from entering Tenochtitlan, came the rising fears of the inevitable. As the Spaniard began to inquire about Montezuma, he contemplated fleeing and escaping the gods. Due to Montezumas failed attempts, Cortez and the Spaniards resolved to begin marchlanding In-land, in their arrival to Tlaxcala and Cholula.One could argue that the invasion of these cities was due to the defiance and the detail that they would not surrender to Cortezs control. During the march Cortez gained a larger army and allies. Once Cortez and the Spaniards reached the entrance of Tenochtitlan their march was complete. Montezuma then prepared to greet Cortez. According to the text, He presented many gifts to the Captain and his commanders, those who had come to make war. He showered gifts upon them and hung flowers around their necks he gave them necklaces of flowers and bands of flowers to adorn their breasts he set garlands of flowers upon their heads.Then he hung the gold necklaces around their necks and gave them presents of every sort as gifts of welcome. Not mentioned in the Broken Spears however, according to the Diaz document, Cortez offered Montezuma his right hand but Montezuma refused it. It likewise states that Cortez went to place fine a necklace on Montezumas neck, but his nephews stopped and refused him. The Spaniards seemed to portray a non confrontational notion, as if they arrived with pure intentions. The documents perspective se ems to contradict those of The Broken Spears.The document describes the Aztecs revolution to Christianity as a peaceful one. It also states that Montezuma pronounces that I am in debt and will give all I poses, revealing that Montezuma willingly gave of his possessions and land. However, according to The Broken Spears, the Aztecs were tortured and forced. The Expulsion from Tenochtitlan (Spring 1520) After imprisoning Montezuma, the Spaniards begin to terrorize the city, causing commotion and inflicting fear into the natives.The terrorism that was taking place reasond an uprising battles and massacres to take place. One illustration of the harshness inflicted on the Aztecs was the events that took place at a Fiesta. The Spaniard invaded the Fiesta, murdering many Aztecs and revealing the Spaniards did not abide by the Aztec rules or expectations of war. They were said to be reckless and extremely brutal, without respect or compassion. Preceding the surprise coming at the Fiest a, other attacks and retaliations arouse, such as the Night of Sorrow.The Aztecs no longer desired to follow Montezumas initial orders for non retaliation. They decided to take up arms and fight against the Spanish. In the attack at the Fiesta, they fought with worried spears and attacked with javelins and arrows. However the Aztecs came to the realization that enough blood was shed. Montezumas body was discovered and it was unclear as to his cause of death. Since the Aztec no longer catered to the Spaniards by providing them with food, shelter and supplies, Cortez realizes that they must leave the land.They planned to retreat at night, however the retreat was discovered. According to the text, They attacked as the Spaniards were fleeing down the Tlacopan (now Tacuba) causeway, and the rout was so disastrous that it has been known ever since as la noche triste, the Night of Sorrows. Those who escaped the disaster found refuge in the nearby village of Teocalhueyacan, where they were welcomed as friends but three-fourths of the army had perished in the retreat and in the siege that preceded it. The Aztecs benefited greatly from the fleeing of Spaniards. They gathered things that the Spaniard cast away and claimed it for themselves. They collected weapons that had been left behind or had fallen into the canal-the cannons, swords, spears, bows and arrows-along with all the steel helmets, coats of mail and breast- plates, and the shields of metal, wood and hide. They recover the gold ingots, the gold disks, the tubes of gold dust and the collars with their gold pendants. The violent recapture of Tenochtitlan (1521)The Aztecs were convinced that the Spaniard would never return. They began to build the city and the temples, and celebrated in a victorious manner. They choose a new King for the city however it was not long that the Aztecs lived in tranquility. A horrible hatred of smallpox quickly spread. The plague spread during the thirteenth month and lasted fo r seventy days, striking everywhere in the city. It was difficult for several(prenominal) to base on balls or even move. Many died from the disease, some died of hunger because they were incapable of searching for food.The text describes that the first cases were inform in Cuatlan. By the time the danger was recognized, the plague was so well established that nothing could concord it, and eventually it spread all the way to Chalco. Then its cruelty diminished considerably, though there were unaffectionate cases for many months after. The Spaniards returned without mercy. This time however they had more forces, and resources, and better technology. Although the Aztecs had a previous disposition, they retaliated, being aware this time, of some of the Spaniards tactics.For example, discovered that the shots from the cannons always flew in a straight bank line, they no longer ran away in the line of fire. They ran to the right or left or in zigzags, not in front of the guns. After a great deal of battles and much bloodshed. The Aztecs eventually surrendered to the Spaniards. The Aztecs culture and civilization was eventually eradicated after the Spaniard burned the temples and ruined their empires. In comparing the readings of The Broken Spears to some document excerpts, a large disparity is found. There were many actions that the Aztecs took, that to some were considered barbaric.For instance, in The Conquest of New Spain, Diaz describes the Aztecs to be somewhat savage like. He mentioned that they would appoint out the palpitation heart, with the blood, they present as idols and they would eat arms and thighs at their ceremonial banquets. However, The Broken Spears describes these actions as sacred sacrifices that were signs of respect and honor. These reasons alone prove why separate accounts help understand history. There is a saying that states There are two sides to every story. The Broken Spears would be considered the other side

Family marriage Essay

On the night of Feb 28th, the last day of classes, Nilesh proposed to Geeta, his MBA classmate of nearly a family and a half. Geeta agreed immediately and wondered if all her classmates depart be able to attend their wedding as once they all go back to their homes it would be really very difficult for everyone to get together again. Suddenly, Nilesh came up with the idea what if they got married on March 22nd? precisely how could it be? Our convocation is on March 21st Geeta said. Exactly All our classmates give definitely come out here for convocation and they would not mind staying an scanty day for the wedding.In fact, we will get the blessings of even their p bents as many are excogitatening to come for the convocation. Geeta Right. But so many things have to be done. That is also when the wedding moderate starts and all the reception halls become unavailable. For our send-off party, juniors were saying that hotels were insisting on 17 days notice. Of course, for Rs 500 0/- wasted the notice outcome can be reduced to 10 days. Nilesh I want my brother and sister-in-law to come for the wedding. Geeta But, they are in US and black marketing. They will require at least 10 days in the lead they can be here.Also my parents will have to buy your sister-in-law a sari-set (sari with matching blouse and petticoat) as per the tradition. She will have to be here well in time so that they can be fitted well. Nilesh And give It allows two days to choose the menu and Pandal decorations. Hotel Sayaji wants at least 10 days notice period before the formal engagement ceremony (one night before the wedding). Geeta And what about our dresses? These days, it is better to get it do after choosing the pattern and buying the material yourself.It would prepare three days to choose the pattern and eightsome days to order and receive the material after Nilesh Yes. But the material supplier can free in five days if we pay an extra of Rs 1000/- for expediting it. Gee ta I want Joyti of Asha Boutique to work on our dresses. Nilesh But she charges Rs 500/- for one day of work. Geeta If I got my mother to do all the services, we could finish off the dresses in 11 days. If Joyti helped, we could cut that down to six days, at a cost of Rs 500/- for to each one day less than 11 days. Nilesh It would take another two days to do the final fitting. and then dry-cleaner will take two days to clean and press the dresses unless we pay Ps 1000/- for the converse service of single day delivery. Geeta Thats right. By the way, have you thought about invitations? Nobody will come unless we invite them formally. Nilesh Anand Printing Press will take 12 days to print the invitation cards. Of course, they do have an express service and can deliver in five days if we pay them extra Rs 1500/Geeta It will take three days to prepare the matter which will be printed and select the styles.Nilesh given over the postal delays, the invitations have to go out at least 10 days before the wedding. Geeta notice them will take a day and that cannot be done until we write addresses on them. Addressing will take four days unless we look at some help. We can finish addresses in two days if we hire a part-time help for Ps 200/-. Geeta We also have to buy some jewelry items to be given as gift to my brother-in-law. It will take a day to do that Nilesh But before we start writing address, we will have to prepare a guest list.We cant afford to miss out on anyone all-important(prenominal), as that will have an impact on the human relationship with them forever. We will have to be really thorough on that. I think it will take four days to prepare an exhaustive guest list. Geeta That does sound like a lot. Now it certainly looks much easier to earn an MBA degree than get married QUESTIONS1. Given the activities and precedence relationships described in the (A) case, learn a network diagram for the wedding plans. 2. Identify the paths. Which are critical? 3 .What is the maximum cost plan that follows the March 22nd deadline? Case -2 Continuation of Case 2 Marks-15 Several complications arose during the course of trying to meet the deadline of March 21, for the Nilesh Geeta engagement. Since it was important for Nilesh and Geeta to get married on March 22nd, the implications of each of these complications had to be assessed. 1. All hotels advised that the express booking had to be withdrawn that year as there was a mad-rush for getting married, and and so Nilesh and Geeta would have to give 17 days notice. 2.A call to the US revealed that brother and sister-in-law couldnt cede till March 1st as they had urgent deadlines at work. 3. Nilesh came down with four day flu just as he started to work on the guest list. 4. The dress material was lost in transit. Notice of loss was delivered to Geeta on March 10th. 5. There was an unplanned repair work at Sayaji on March 8. They informed that they would be closed for two to three days. QUEST IONS 1. Given your answers to the (A) case, describe the effects on the wedding plans of each incident noted in the (B) case. SECTION B Attempt any 5 questions-Marks-50 1) What is the linkage between overlap choices and process choices in an make-up? 2) How can the internet affect the drill of operations management? Does it have any implications for operations strategy? 3) Does the organization structure influence the product development process and way? Explain. 4) Distinguish between assignable and common causes of variations. Why is this distinction important quality control? 5) How does the choice of the layout affect of the operational performance of an organization? 6) Explain how forecasting helps an organization handle uncertainties.

LGBT High School Students Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LGBT High School Students - Research Paper ExampleBasically, there are several factors after part back off groups working for LGBT. To start with, such groups enhance comfort to the students through the provision of the necessary athletic supporter in terms of guidance and counseling. To some extent, this promotes self-confidence and in that bearing creating an atmosphere through which the learners do not feel discriminated by their fellow colleagues as well as teachers (Baur, 2008). Through guidance and counseling, the support groups ensure that students understand more in relation to LGBT and the way forward towards achieving success in intent. A comparable reason as to why support group work for LGBT is to develop a moxie of equality among all mickle. From a broad perception, it is agreeable that different support groups aim at portion LGBT in lay out to ensure that the standards of life are raised accordingly. In that case, working for the LGBT considerably determines th e manner through which the lives of those people will be in future (Ramified & Deicer, 2003). Through encouraging them on their conditional relation in life as human beings, support groups endorse approaches through which they establish a benchmark critical for learning and living. With the different support groups that exist in the present day, each has a single-valued function to play towards enhancing safety and equality in terms of the provision of education and other essentials in life (Hurst, 2001). A comparable reason as to why support group works for the LGBT is to in order to mingle with other youths and in that way making sure they share their secrets and emotions. On the whole, this considerably helps to suspend being isolated from the straight humans. Support groups as well deal with discrimination and recognition of LGBT students. ground on the support groups, an emphasis based on the fact that people should recognize LGBT as people with the human rights is enhance d accordingly.

Financial markets and sovereign debt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

pecuniary markets and sovereign debt - Essay ExampleAmong securities that be traded in the monetary markets are bonds, stock as good as commodity materials such as the agricultural products and precious metals. It therefore adopts the notion of a common market in that it presents a programme in which interested buyers meets with interested sellers as well as the commodities on bargain. In a financial market, parties participating are government agencies, individual persons, firms as well as households. This is a common let with a market prudence where the government relies primarily on the structures of buyers as well as sellers in allocation of resources as contrasted to non-market or commodity economies. Besides, the effects vary depending on the stage of development of an economy where in the emerging economies the governments largely take the responsibility in financial aid and financial instruction and participation especially for the reason of such eventual occurrences as the sovereign risks (Aizenman, Jinjarak and Park, 2013, para 1-5 Herrero, 2005, p. 5). Discussion Financial markets and the world(prenominal) economy Basic responsibilities of financial markets in finance include capital summation, risk transfers, denudation of prices, global participation in integrating financial markets as well as liquidity transfers ( foreign Monetary Fund, 2010, p. 1). ... 1-4). The financial markets also brings together borrowers and lenders where in money markets, firms borrow finances on short term while capital markets provide long term based funding to corporations for expanding upon purposes.The following illustration is on the interactions that are engaged in financial markets as well as the parties to the transactions. Lenders Financial intermediaries Financial markets Borrowers Individuals as well as companies Banks, insurance firms, pension funds as well as mutual funds Interbank Stock Exchange, money Markets, Bond Markets as well as unusual Ex change Individuals, Companies, Central Governments, Municipalities as well as Public Corporations The relationship depicted therefore shows that borrowers, lenders and financial intermediaries have a common link through the financial markets where stock exchange, bonds as well as foreign currencies are traded. It is worth noting that the interaction of these parties at the international scene depicts the actual picture of the global economy. Market efficiency is a critical concept that must be employed in the depth psychology of financial markets as well as the global economy and it involves three categories strong, semi-strong as well as the weak form of efficiencies. However, the inefficiencies notable in financial markets result from frictions which broadly represents asymmetries in information and taxes as well as costs of transactions. Value and liquidity in the transactions are therefore staple features in the consideration of efficiencies in financial markets. The concept of efficiency is very critical in enthronement decisions by investors within a country besides guiding on such decisions as arbitrament and speculation. Information influences the behavior of